Auditing and Audit Committee Policy free essay sample

Outer Audit Team Subject: Internal Control Weakness and related extortion hazard After much examination and time spent on understanding the inward working of Alchemy Inc. , we have discovered some inside control shortcomings that could prompt expected misrepresentation. Our review systems are intended to address interior control shortcomings and ensuing extortion dangers in the most proficient and financially savvy way. We trust with our proposal that Alchemy inc. sick have the option to limit the danger of budgetary error. We accept these ideas will have numerous positive effects on the firm’s long haul gainfulness and productivity. The review council isn't legitimately checking the fiscal reports for inconsistencies. The eighth inhabitant of the Audit Committee Policy peruses that the review advisory group must survey budget reports for bizarre exchanges. At present, the CEO, Chris Reddy, is performing fiscal report assessments without the oversight of the review council. Th e previously mentioned control shortcoming fits conceivable misrepresentation hazard. We will compose a custom paper test on Evaluating and Audit Committee Policy or on the other hand any comparable subject explicitly for you Don't WasteYour Time Recruit WRITER Just 13.90/page The CEO is feeling the squeeze to perform in the interest of the investors, and Mr. Reddy’s oversight of the budget summaries makes a chance to distort the exhibition of Alchemy Inc. Our proposal is that the Internal Audit division sends the budget summaries straightforwardly to the Audit Committee for survey. The suggestion can be actualized at no extra expense to Alchemy Inc. The Internal Audit office does not have the required oversight and checking of Alchemy Inc. because of their constrained extension and experience. The Audit Committee Policy shows that the Internal Audit division should answer to the Audit Committee. Moreover, the Audit Committee is required to decide remuneration and screen the inner review plan. At present, the Internal Audit group reports and are overseen by the CEO. Another significant shortcoming in the Internal Audit division is their experience level. The vast majority of the Internal Auditors are ongoing school graduates with no related knowledge. The head Internal Auditor got his CPA authentication from online inside two days. Hence, they don't have the vital experience or opportunity to screen the organization. The inward review division reports straightforwardly to the CEO, which thus makes a significant irreconcilable circumstance. The absence of experience by the Internal Audit group doesn’t help the reason. On the off chance that they had more experience they would realize that they shouldn't answer to the CEO. The Internal Audit group can't play out their obligations without the endorsement of the CEO. This would make an open door for the CEO to disguise any extortion or misquote. For example, if the CEO was submitting any misrepresentation, he could without much of a stretch direct the Internal Audit group to another undertaking so the extortion won't be revealed. The Internal Audit division should report and be overseen by the Audit Committee as expressed in the Audit Committee Policy. This would give the Internal Auditors the opportunity to examine and screen over the organization varying. They ought to likewise consider employing increasingly experienced Auditors or ensuring that they give the current Auditors legitimate preparing. Inappropriate protecting of advantages expands the danger of misappropriation of circles and robbery by representatives. Endless supply of Appendix A, the review group saw that the Pleasantville factory’s entrance entryways don't have locks, this raises the danger of misappropriation inside, however robbery by outside gatherings also. In the wake of evaluating the meeting with the delivery agent and the machine administrator, we understood that the last circle items are dispatched out in Ziploc sacks, raising the chance of harming the items and making misfortunes for the organization. The put away circles are contained in open canisters while still in the processing plant, accordingly amplifying the chance of burglary and misfortune. The review group additionally recognized that the machine administrator leaves the circles unattended at the finish of the work move. Speculative chemistry Inc. necessities to have a progressively satisfactory arrangement of protecting its principle wellspring of income, creating circles. In the event that this procedure is undermined, the firm will thusly endanger its gainfulness and market position. Our proposal comprises of executing a progressively indispensable arrangement of surveying the estimation of the company’s items and confining access to the completed circles. The creation of circles is one the company’s biggest wellsprings of income and the creation procedures ought to be kept up and watched no matter what. In spite of the fact that these strategies probably won't be cost-productive for the time being, the firm needs to redo their techniques for shielding resources for increment the odds of long haul firm life span and gainfulness. Speculative chemistry Inc. should execute a framework to secure the factory’s doors Pleasantville and furthermore having confined access to the factory’s premises. These expenses are negligible contrasted with potential extortion that may ask because of this shortcoming. The last circle items ought to be put away and transported in increasingly secure containers and packs. Trading off the nature of these exorbitant circles can harm the firm’s way to deal with quality and item control. In the event that it is practical to Alchemy Inc. , the administration ought to incorporate a type of lock when the receptacles are left unattended or when the work force is done with the day move. The set of accepted rules is set up, yet the code is broadly obscure by Alchemy’s workers. Affirmation of the moral strategies and practices is one of the basic point that can control the attention to workers lead. As indicated by the meeting performing by the outside examiner to Alchemy staffs, nobody knows about or comprehends the set of accepted rules when they were recruited. Alluding to the inward inspector report, thought the set of principles approaches are recorded, it is neither appropriately convey to the workers nor prepared to the representatives. Subsequently, no consistence of worthy moral code is set up as of the documentation of Sarbanes-Oxley area 404, and it isn't dependable. Likewise, the Ethics Hotline, Whistleblower, isn't checked routinely by the inside evaluator. All things considered, as per Mr. Pat, interior inspector, he thinks nothing about how the hotline is utilized, and he has no worry with respect to why any issues are raised. As an inner evaluator, he is liable for examining any hazard or extortion partner with the organization. On the other hand, the hotline is sent straightforwardly to the review boards of trustees who ought to have no commitment to this issue. For example, the organization foundation archive demonstrates that one call has happened, yet no further detail is known or explored. These nonappearance and inappropriate actualizing of the set of principles and obligation of the representatives can conceivably cover the misrepresentation that could exist. Workers seeing misrepresentation can't report it because of obscure of one duty is. Also, the inward reviewer doesn't get the calls, in this manner he can't explore them. As of result, a justify hazard could acquire where an irreconcilable circumstance could exist from either top administration or workers. To diminish the probability of error, recruiting the board should step up to the plate and affirm the affirmation to the set of accepted rules and build up a persistent update of the arrangement to workers. They should post duplicates of the set of accepted rules all around the property. They should set up meeting to tell representatives about the morals hotline, and urge each and every worker to utilize it. Likewise, the hotline warning ought to be sent to both administration just as inner inspector for extra concern in regards to any cheats. In spite of the fact that it appears to be a great deal of extra strategies or efforts that are required, it is financially savvy to forestall deliberate hazard by somebody. The compensation structure at Alchemy Inc. likewise presents further Internal Control shortcomings and ensuing Fraud Risks. The Shipping Clerk is remunerated on an hourly premise, with no potential for after some time. The Machine Operator is remunerated dependent on the circle yield that the individual produces. There is no motivator or inspiration for the transportation agent to amplify her endeavors to build creation of definite result of circles; this is likewise because of a helpless arrangement of keeping an eye on the yield by the administration. As the machine administrator, C. J. Prepared is answerable for the item quality and last yield of circles. Since she physically tallies the circles exclusively, with no appropriate arrangement of checks by the board, she can swell the last yield figures, further expanding her pay. With this current arrangement of remuneration, the Fraud Risks that are related with these positions are famous. The company’s money related position will be conceivably distorted because of the expansion of pay costs. Our proposal is to have a money saving advantage examination of varying compensation structures for the two lines of administrations with the representatives. HR screening approaches are incapable. As per the Internal Audit Report, Alchemy has HR Policy #404 set up. It is the assessment of the review group that the strategy is satisfactory, yet the usage of the approach isn't compelling. Speculative chemistry delegated bookkeeper without enough aptitudes or capability. He didn't hold CPA accreditation and worked with unpracticed individuals before this activity. Machine administrator, who is partially blind, is likewise not qualified for this position. The employing supervisor didn't experience appropriate clinical assessment before she got recruited. Extra, Joe Bozo who has no unique report of record verification and without the best possible presentation assessment was advanced inside 3 months. These three conditions have disregarded the HR Policy #404. These unfit em

Knowledge Intensive Firms and Knowledge Workers Research Paper

Information Intensive Firms and Knowledge Workers - Research Paper Example Southern force keeps on discovering chances to actualize its methodology of making an incentive through its various exchanges, for example, resource securing and selling, foundation of novel force plants, entrance into Power Plants Associations for the most part with other financial specialist possessed utilities, districts, free force makers, and electric cooperatives (Google Finance, 2015, p. 1). In Southern Co’s tasks, FERC assumes the essential job of giving the activity guidelines as opposed to following customarily characterized state guidelines like some other conventional working organization. In spite of the fact that working as one huge organization, the Southern Company works under a few utilized rents, for example, Southern LINC Wireless that offers computerized remote correspondences for Southern Co.’s employments. For motivations behind this paper, the assessment Southern Company is restricted to company’s proactive way to deal with planning for calamity recuperation. For quite a while, Hurricane Katrina has been known for its various complex difficulties, for example, 100% loss of intensity for clients, 65% of intensity conveyance framework harms, 97% loss of intensity age limit, roughly 9,000 harmed or harmed power posts, transformer harms, 100% feeble corporate workplaces, and the greater part of the inhabitants languishing important harms over their homes (Ward, 2006, pp. 7-13). Different difficulties experienced during the Katrina tropical storm are correspondence misfortune and decimation framework. Through its venture and prioritization of information base administration, Southern Co. adequately anticipated taking out the difficulties related with the Katrina Hurricane through methodologies, for example, a decrease in the time span required to reestablish capacity to its clients, arrangement of family benefits, helping workers with individual misfortunes, and every day arrangement of thousands of fuel gallons day by day.

Lord of the rings

Most loved Book of decision: Lord of the rings Why one should peruse the Lord of the Rings The Lord of the rings was written in by Mr.. Container Tolkien between year 1937 and 1949 and is said to be one of the best dream books at any point composed. Utilizing a blend of legend profundity and lovely language the novel has gotten one of the most famous books ever to be distributed, selling more than 150 million duplicates worldwide.There are numerous reasons why this specific novel is said to one, if not the best epic dream develop ever composed, one of these reasons is the distinctive world in which Tolkien has invested so much energy and detail. Tolkien figures out how to make just as bring the peruser into a stunning dreamland so clear, and point by point that it leaves the peruser with a sentiment of having been there themselves. Tolkien cautiously depicts scenes, characters and circumstances such that causes the universe of Middle earth to appear to probably exist.Another extraord inary factor to the achievement of the Novel could be the numerous dialects. Tolkien figures out how to make explicit dialects which suit the various races of center earth, for example, the lovely eleven language which has a few lingos and accents which likewise extraordinary in a fluctuated grade. The eleven language gives profundity and secret to these familial creatures, It is unpredictable yet similarly lovely. In like manner the â€Å"dark tongue of mirror† or dark discourse as It Is regularly alluded to sets the best possible dull disposition and sentiment of those whom would set out speak It.Nevertheless the fundamental capacity these dialects convey is the profundity it brings to the way of life and presence of the races and characters. Barely any show-stoppers can be said to coordinate Lord of the rings with regards to he definite history and societies he depicts In The Lord of the Rings, aside from maybe by different works by J. R. R Tolkien himself. The history Is both very energizing just as significant, without any deficiencies of shocks and energizing turns en route. Besides there Is small Considering this there Is little uncertainty why this novel has gotten one of the most unbelievable books of all time.The incredibly composed novel clarifies a distinctive world loaded up with history, legend and magnificence just as an Imminent danger. Moreover the wonderful dialects, just as the manner in which the story Is composed brings explicit measurement and â€Å"feeling† to the Journey of the shopping center characters. One could likewise make reference to the sensational character improvements, just as profound messages which approach all through the novel, however maybe It Is ideal to leave that to conceivable future perusers to make sense of without anyone else. Hose genealogical creatures, it is unpredictable yet similarly excellent. In like manner the â€Å"dark tongue of mirror† or dark discourse as it is regularly alluded t o sets the best possible dull state of mind and sentiment of those whom would set out talk it. By and by the primary capacity these characters. Not many centerpieces can be said to coordinate Lord of the rings with regards to he point by point history and societies he depicts in The Lord of the Rings, aside from maybe by different works by J. R. R Tolkien himself.The history is both very energizing as Furthermore there is small Considering this there is little uncertainty why this novel has clarifies a striking world loaded up with history, legend and excellence just as a fast approaching risk. In like manner the excellent dialects, just as the manner in which the story is composed brings a particular measurement and â€Å"feeling† to the Journey of the primary characters. One could approach all through the novel, however maybe it is ideal to leave that to conceivable future perusers to make sense of without anyone else.

Business Article on Start Up Consulting - 550 Words

Business Article on Start Up Consulting (Article Sample) Content: Best Consulting Strategies for you and meWhat are the best consulting strategies for small and medium sized businesses? This is the question I asked myself when I decided to bite the bullet and move to Panama in order to start my own company.Sure it is a different market than up north but the questions and ideas remain the same. As any business owner knows, the start-ups are the hardest part. You would think I was a treasure hunter if you knew how long I have been searching for the golden answers to starting a business. I will explain what Ià ¢Ã¢â€š ¬ve learned in my life experience as a business owner. * Problem solving: I learned to pay attention to this the hard way. I though getting started was going to be easy as pie, well I was in for a surprise. Once I opened my door for business, I was flooded with problems. Some problems I had no clue about and others I knew all too well. For this reason one of the most important things you can do in a small business is to sit down with your team of consultants and talk about possible problems that might arise and how you will handle them. This seems like it is not important at the beginning but it will save you much grief down the road. Have a plan before getting started! * Brainstorm the market you cater: Most customers donà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬t buy from a store because they are less expensive than the one next door or because they think the product is better (although sometimes thatà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬s the case). They become repeat customers once they feel satisfaction as a client, once they feel they are getting valued as a person it does not matter if your products are more expensive than the competition, they will always come back because youà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬ve established that relationship. This is why brainstorming and going into the nook and crannies on how to cater to your niche or target market is one of the best consulting strategies you can have for a small business * What is success to you? The reason why this is an important consulting strategy is because of a simple fact. If you donà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬t know your goal, you will never know how to get there. You must establish a firm visual of what does success look like to you. How will you get there and how will you maintain your success in order to grow? Have this very important detail in mind and your small business will thrive. * Marketing and Publicity: Back in the old days big names and popular products ... Business Article on Start Up Consulting - 550 Words Business Article on Start Up Consulting (Article Sample) Content: Best Consulting Strategies for you and meWhat are the best consulting strategies for small and medium sized businesses? This is the question I asked myself when I decided to bite the bullet and move to Panama in order to start my own company.Sure it is a different market than up north but the questions and ideas remain the same. As any business owner knows, the start-ups are the hardest part. You would think I was a treasure hunter if you knew how long I have been searching for the golden answers to starting a business. I will explain what Ià ¢Ã¢â€š ¬ve learned in my life experience as a business owner. * Problem solving: I learned to pay attention to this the hard way. I though getting started was going to be easy as pie, well I was in for a surprise. Once I opened my door for business, I was flooded with problems. Some problems I had no clue about and others I knew all too well. For this reason one of the most important things you can do in a small business is to sit down with your team of consultants and talk about possible problems that might arise and how you will handle them. This seems like it is not important at the beginning but it will save you much grief down the road. Have a plan before getting started! * Brainstorm the market you cater: Most customers donà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬t buy from a store because they are less expensive than the one next door or because they think the product is better (although sometimes thatà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬s the case). They become repeat customers once they feel satisfaction as a client, once they feel they are getting valued as a person it does not matter if your products are more expensive than the competition, they will always come back because youà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬ve established that relationship. This is why brainstorming and going into the nook and crannies on how to cater to your niche or target market is one of the best consulting strategies you can have for a small business * What is success to you? The reason why this is an important consulting strategy is because of a simple fact. If you donà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬t know your goal, you will never know how to get there. You must establish a firm visual of what does success look like to you. How will you get there and how will you maintain your success in order to grow? Have this very important detail in mind and your small business will thrive. * Marketing and Publicity: Back in the old days big names and popular products ...

Project Planning Research Paper - 1636 Words

Fredrick L. Harris Professor Greg Wilson Project Planning BBA 4126 21 May 2009 FIVE STAGE TEAM DEVELOPMENT MODEL LIFE CYCLES Introduction The purpose of this paper is to discuss the life cycle of team development. How the stages of a project team works towards an end conclusion. The benefits of a project team and the risks of allowing the project team to exist beyond its original goals. The five stage team development consists of five stages; forming, storming, norming, performing and adjourning. This is the Tuckman Model introduced in 1965, by Bruce Tuckman. This model explains the basic progress and growth of a team. The first stage, forming, is the members coming†¦show more content†¦Their team of experts failed. â€Å"When a team is formed it focuses on the future and once it succeeds it focuses on the past† by Edwin Lee. ATT is a successful company and the largest long distance carrier in the United States. But by focusing on their past successes, they failed to look towards the future. On the contrast, Black Decker looked for solutions that would transform their company to succeed in the future. Comparing these two companies show how the management teams of an organization can guide a company’s destiny. Can success breed failure? That is the opinion of Edwin Lee. He cited the success of IBM with their introduction of the IBM PC, followed with a failure, the PC Jr. Apple Inc. was successful with its Apple II and followed with a failure, Lisa. He is of the opinion that success of a product by a management team can lead to the failure of the next product. Can failure breed success? In Edwin Lee’s article he examined generals Norman Schwartzkopf and Colin Powell, whom both served during the Vietnam War. He suggests that experience earned from the failures of Vietnam, both men the wisdom and knowledge to lead to the success of Desert Storm. But even with their record success he would not want them to lead another battle. His conclusion is that they would rely on their past success and would not be good at changing for future circumstances. He further concludes that executives andShow MoreRelatedAnnotated Bibliography On Instructional Planning And Strategies Essay1233 Words   |  5 PagesDescription of the Artifact: Artifact 1: Artifact 1, under Tab E: Instructional Planning and Strategies is the IEP Final completed in the graduate course ELSE 6073 Educational Procedures for Moderate and Profound individuals. For the IEP project, participants were provided information about an individual diagnosed with a severe disability. Based on the information provided, candidates were asked to develop IEP goals and objectives based on the student’s individual needs. 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As GURU stated, the WBS is a tool for the scope planning. However, it is a perfect tool for scheduling as well (GURU n.d.)(Freeman 2015)(Egeland 2011).The program uses a chart, which represents the fundamentalRead MoreQuestions On Other School Based Solely On The Result Of One Study1473 Words   |  6 Pagesthe modifications are justifiable. Without any feedback from experts, the initial questionnaire was unable to be modified to improve its consistency and responder understanding [16], thus introducing content threats to validity to our study. B. Research Limitations Besides a number of threats to validity, there are also some limitations in our study. These limitations come from the intrinsic nature of risk and risk analysis. First of all, risk is a complex construct because of the nature of riskRead MoreQuestions On The Group Members1530 Words   |  7 Pagesbassi17@gmail.com Keeping up with project progress and documentation Can be contacted through phone or email. 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Stakes were so high; I was left with no choice but to try my hardest to apply my intuition and energy into this project. I had a brief semester to manifest a 12-page paper, and a 10-minute presentation. That was not the f irst paper I had to type, but it was one of the few thatRead MoreThe A Master s Program For It Management1682 Words   |  7 Pagesof information technology. The paper for the final project is about the customer relationship management (CRM) system, which is used at a health insurance company. The health insurance company uses the CRM system for customer service strategy, which is aimed at managing and cultivating relationships with customers. The CRM system focuses on the three stages of a healthy customer lifecycle: customer engagement, customer loyalty and customer advocate. The project explains the issues that a user

The Is The Moral Aspects Of Society And Risk Taking

The uniquely American attributes as seen in the novel The Catcher in the Rye, by J.D. Salinger are the moral aspects of society and risk taking . The author’s use of theme and characterization are a clear and accurate testimony to this. Some general American traits include not waiting to be introduced, but beginning able to speak to strangers as they stand in a queue ( â€Å"American Society and Culture† ). In general, Americans like personal space and have a strong believe of freedom of choice (â€Å"101 characteristics of Americans†). A famous journalist named Joseph Pulitzer coined the idea of exceptionalism in America. Pulitzer, who was not born in America, came to the United States for work and eventually took the risk of going to the army. He came from nothing and built his own empire in the United States, making millions before he died (â€Å"Joseph Pulitzer Wiki bio†) . Pulitzer was not a native born American and his fourth language was English. When he came to the United States he assimilated in the culture and experienced the â€Å"American Dream†. He is a perfect example that anything is possible (â€Å"Joseph Pulitzer biography† ). The novel The Catcher in the Rye was written in the 1950s. The author of the book, J.D. Salinger, served for his country in WWII from 1942-1944. Even after Salinger flunked out of school many times, he kept trying again and again. Salinger is an influential 20th century writer. After the publication of his book, The Catcher in the Rye, Salinger movedShow MoreRelatedPersonal Motives For Corporate Social Responsibility933 Words   |  4 Pagesdirectors to take responsibility for the labor, environmental and social aspects in business. It distinguishes the Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) by conducting a survey consisting of a sample of 473 executives. 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Naturalists argue that all legal official and those within a position of power are under a moral obligation. A Confucian scholar Mencius stated â€Å"only the

Short story Essay Example For Students

Short story Essay The assumption is often made that short stories are weak and lack expression, simply because of their physical size limitations. However, if one were to sit down and read just a few of New Zealands finest short stories, attitudes would almost certainly change for the better. Maurice Gee for instance, A fine novelist and artistic hero for some, holds many admirable short stories to his name. Gees famous story A Glorious Morning, Comrade proves to us the inherent potential to which New Zealand writers can live up to in a short story. The main purpose of a short story is to enable the reader to picture in their mind the images which the writer paints. Consequently, more demands are made on the reader. Since words are strictly limited, characters must be created very quickly. It is for this reason that writers use a plunge technique. The reader is plunged into the plot by being forced to start in the middle of the action. For instance: A Glorious morning, comrade, by Maurice Gee, and The hole that Jack dug, by Frank Sargeson. Much less detail is provided to us about the characters, so again we imagine the aspects which are not given to us. Take for example the second paragraph in Frank Sargesons The hole that Jack dug. The narrator takes less than one paragraph to describe Jack. However, using special wording, the narrator can describe him in much detail using little words to emphasize a few of Jacks unique physical aspects: The trouble with Jacks grin is that it shows too many teeth.Once Characters are established, a plot or structure will begin to form. Sometimes it will teach a lesson, Sometimes the whole story may seem pointless as is the case with The hole that Jack dug. With a little thought, one can discover the true meaning behind the plot. It may sometimes be hard, but often not impossible. Demands are again placed on the reader to think in all directions, and not just read the written text. Once the story has been read, attention must be focused not only on the concluding paragraphs, but on the concealed ideas which the writer has raised throughout the text. Small hints may be included which might not be picked up from the first examination. The way in which a certain character is described may perhaps raise a key issue, essential in the understanding of the plot. This is indeed the case in The hole that Jack Dug. The writer may cleverly use sentances of multiple meanings in order to cut the fat. For instance, A glorious morning, comrade raises the thought in the very first paragraph that Mercy, one of Mr Pitt-Rimmers daughters Tied her fathers scarf in a mean granny knot. This symbolizes Mercy as being cruel and heartless despite her gentle and forgiving name. It also denotes that Mr Pitt-Rimmer is lonely and aware of the resentments that run through his family. A comparison can often be made between two short stories. For instance, The hole that Jack Dug and A Glorious morning, Comrade. The first seems to have no point to it, and the latter informs the reader of the urge cranky old men possess to break out and run their own lives. In brief, the reader is forced to think with an open mind, which is demanding, especially when an in-depth approach is required for the understanding of the plot. Depending on the writers aim, demand on the reader will vary significantly, and with careful practices at hand, a firm grasp will be achieved.

Critique on Distinctive Features Essay Example

Critique on Distinctive Features Essay Andrew Ike B. Waga ENG 106 Dec. 14, 2011 2010-53632 Trubetzkoy, Jakobson or Chomsky, Whose Distinctive Features are truly â€Å"Distinct†? â€Å"Teacher, teacher, Help me, I have just been side swiped by a car! † These were the exact words that came out from the mouth of the school’s resident hooligan, Kevin, one afternoon after class. During those times, our school has been intensively campaigning for every student to speak English at least while on campus, in preparation for the coming PAASCU (Philippine Accrediting Association of Schools, Colleges) visit, we were so prepped up that we were even speaking in English outside school â€Å"just in case the Assessors are just loitering around, observing† our teachers would say. So one afternoon, after finding not much to do, Kevin, decided he wanted to show his antics to us, saying that he is planning to pull off a prank on our school’s English Coordinator, and our class adviser as well, we had a carefully laid out plan, he would be rushing from the street towards our school gate while we convince our teacher to approach the gate as well, and then he shouted, the exact words on quotation, except that he pronounced swiped as /s? ?pd/. Our teacher, knowing Kevin’s reputation, was already sensing that she was a bait to a good laugh, calmly yet in an authoritarian manner said, â€Å"side swipe! s? aIp/ Next time, Kevin, try pronouncing the words well, so as not to lose your momentum, there’s always a next time! † with her signature smirk. I remembered this incident while reading about Natural classes, I am very sure that my teacher knew what Kevin meant, since all of us thought that Kevin’s pronunciation of that word was corre ct as far as we were concerned, until the jokes went back to Kevin. Growing up in a city that speaks Cebuano, it is inevitable for some English words to get that â€Å"bisaya† flavour, like the occasional /p/ becomes an /f/ or the letter h is pronounced as /? ? / and many more, but nevertheless, besides deviating from what we know as a â€Å"standard† for American English, we pretty much understood each other despite the glitches. And so I thought, why was it necessary to dwell on the distinctive features of sounds when the main importance has been served, comprehension. But then, I had to understand that it is necessary so that I would know just how these sounds are related to be viewed as almost interchangeable, just how â€Å"similar† was similar? Hence, we go to the distinctive features of sounds. We will write a custom essay sample on Critique on Distinctive Features specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Critique on Distinctive Features specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Critique on Distinctive Features specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer In dealing with Distinctive features, I focused first on the work of Trubetzkoy, most people would start with Jakobson before Trubetzkoy but I saw that it was Trubetzkoy who first saw Phonetics and Phonology as separate disciplines. He mentioned that form (contrast, system patterning) must be studied separately from substance (acoustics, articulation). Hence, there was a greater concentration on sounds first before they are seen as words. It was Trubetzkoy who introduced the idea of â€Å"oppositions† in Phonology which he mentioned in his primary work, GrundzUge der phonologie  (1939). Oppositions would refer to a pair or set of sounds sharing the same feature that is not shared with any other sounds. Here are some of Trubetzkoy’s Oppositions: a) Bilateral oppositions A bilateral opposition refers to a pair sounds that share a set of features which no other sound shares fully. For example, voiceless labial obstruents =  /p,f/. Note that obstruents are defined as having a degree of stricture greater than that of approximants (that is, stops and fricatives). b) Multilateral oppositions A group of more than 2 sounds which share common features. For example, labial obstruents,/p,b,f,v/, are both labial and obstruents, so they share two features. c) Privative (Binary) Oppositions One member of a pair of sounds possesses a mark, or feature, which the other lacks. Such features are also known as  binary  features which a sound either possesses or lacks. Voicing is such a feature. A sound is voiced or NOT voiced. The sound which possesses that feature is said to be  marked  (eg  [+voice]) whilst the sound lacking the feature is  unmarked  (eg. [-voice]). d) Gradual Oppositions The members of a class of sounds possess different degrees or gradations of a feature or property. For example, the three short front unrounded vowels in English  /? ,  e,  ? /  which are distinguished only by their height. In this system height would be a single feature with two or more degrees of height. As of present times, when Chomsky and Halle’s set of Distinctive features are accessible to us, this would seem very broad and general, hence, not really dwelling into more specific details. But this jumpstarted the notion that sounds share similar qualities and it is crucial for the development of his friend, Jakobson’s own Distinctive Feature Theory. Jakobson is known as the first one to formalize the Distinctive Feature Theory. He followed the findings of Trubetzkoy as one of his basis for building up his set of distinctive features. Jakobson’s original formulation of the Distinctive Feature Theory aside from Trubetzkoy was based on the ff. Ideas: (1) All features are BINARY. Sounds are either [+voice] or [-voice] (2) A small set of features is able to differentiate between the phonemes of any single language. (3) Distinctive features may be defined in terms of articulatory or acoustic features. Here is a table showing Jakobson’s Distinctive Features: Though, the advantage of Jakobson’s set is that it also has an acoustic description, I do think that the articulatory description is sufficient enough, since after articulating the sound we hear the sound we produced ourselves and yet not at all times would people share the same acoustic descriptions to their produced sound, because we all have our own ways of pronouncing sounds, hence, I think that the acoustic description should be left for the speaker to describe and not defined by Jakobson’s description. Jakobson’s idea was a good starting point for Chomsky and Halle’s own set of distinctive features. With Jakobson’s Distinctive features serving as a terminus a quo for Chomsky and Halle, they were able to refine Jakobson’s set of features. A great achievement done by this duo is that they were able to establish the idea of â€Å"Natural Classes†. The aim is to carefully choose distinctive features to form a natural class of phonemes. An advantage of this approach is seen in writing Phonological rules hence, we get to understand why we can still comprehend to some words though they are mispronounced. Another is that if we are to choose the features well, it should be possible to refer to natural classes of phonemes with a smaller number of features, therefore allowing a more refined set of characteristics to describe the phonemes involved in a natural class. Chomsky and Halle also introduced the feature classifications such as the major class features, the manner features and the place features thus paving the way for a more organized description in giving characteristics of phonemes. Chomsky and Halle was able to answer the concerns of redundancy when giving features, which is found in Generative Phonology, a component of generative grammar that assigns the correct phonetic representations to  utterances  in such a way as to reflect a native speaker’s internalized grammar. Given the current situation, I would have to choose Chomsky and Halle’s Theory of Distinctive Features as the most functional, because it is able to give more specific descriptions as compared to Trubetzkoy and Jakobson. Since we have established that Chomsky and Halle’s set gives the most detailed, comprehensive and most organized distinctive features, it would be best to follow their findings. But It is also important to note that without the ideas of Trubetzkoy and Jakobson in the Distinctive Feature theory, Chomsky and Halle’s own theory would not be as it is today, not able to answer loopholes and deficiencies found in the previous studies. So for me, it is like a ladder, one has to go through the intial steps first before reaching your destination, because as what my teacher would have said, â€Å"so as not to lose your momentum. † Bibliography

New Russians essays

New Russians essays New Russians or new wealthy pigs? They are the rulers of Russia. This bunch has no style. These are the New Russians, or in another words mafia- a new breed that managed a social change that has shaken the country in the last five years. Media describes them as crooks that have money, no style, and a belief that life is good and getting better. They have an easy life, while honest citizens work ten times harder just for a piece of bread. They have everything: the most expensive cars, houses in every big city, and the best-looking girls. To me they are truly disgusting. They have no manners. The one thing in their mind is money. New Russians expect to be respected wherever they go, and if they are not than your name will be on their Pay back list. It is the easiest to tell a difference between a normal Russian person and a new Russian. New Russians are these big, buffed, men with shaved heads, who either wear bright colored suits or all black leather outfits. Who constantly smoke either cigarettes or cigars while talking on the phone or with someone in person. Their heads, when compared to their bodies are extremely small. Its like a new race that was discovered lately. All of them look alike. If you see one eating you will be disgusted. Their fingers would be covered with grease. They loudly chew, and talk with their mouths open; in another words they are worse than pigs. Mafia steals money from government and people. People are scared of them. They always think that they are better than others. A ten-year-old kid is smarter than a New Russian. They dont get money through thinking or working hard; they get money through cheating and killing innocent people. If you ever run into a New Russian know that in the outside they might be strong and rich, but inside they are disgraceful breed a...

MULTICULTURAL BUSSINESS MANAGEMENT & Global leadership Essay

MULTICULTURAL BUSSINESS MANAGEMENT & Global leadership - Essay Example ome decided to outource jut certain part of their organization. The telecommunication indutry wa advancing, but Global Communication wa being left behind. I have created thi analyi to how the problem and potential olution Global Communication ha dealt with along with the ethical dilemma faced by the takeholder and the end tate viion of the company. My paper will include the comprehenive gap analyi for Global Communication; what i going with them at thi point in time and where the company i trying to be, regaining the reputation of being one of the larget, progreing global tool throughout the telecommunication indutry. Global Communication uffer from the tre of the indutrie and trying to maintain competition while oberving their tock price falling. The tockholder are preuring Global Communication to correct the problem, along with coming up with new innovative way to keep the conumer wanting to do buine with Global Communication. Thi analyi i deigned to how optional olution to Global Communication preent tribulation, rik management for the uggete d alternative olution, the optimal olution and finally the implementation plan to deal with the problem. ituation Analyi Iue and Opportunity Identification everal iue are acknowledged for Global Communication throughout the ituation. ... Competition i one of the reaon why Global Communication tock ha falling o dratically. Another iue Global Communication faced i the uproar of the employee and union worker becaue of the layoff that are planned. Global Communication leaderhip team came up with thi ingeniou plan to of moving ome of the technical call center to India and Ireland which hould reduce unit cot for handling call by nearly 40%. Although the move will ave Global Communication money, they did not think about the ending cot in human capital. In addition to the other iue provided, Global Communication i having communication problem within. Global Communication i an organization that i conidered one of the bet for taking care of the employee need to make ure they at leat addre all the iue. "By improving deciion making, knowledge management, employee need and coordination; company can progre and retain the name in the communication indutry. Workplace communication ha a ignificant effect on organizational performance (Mchane & Glinow, 205). "Firt organization depend on the ability of people to coordinate their individual work effort toward a common goal (Mchane & Glinow, 25). Global Communication i faced with economic iue in which the leaderhip team i trying to apply trategic planning to retructure the company and make it properou again. Although they have trategically planned a olution, the leaderhip team i having difficultie conveying the new plan to the employee. Local, long ditance and international market are all competing for the ame buine. New calling feature and uite of local and long ditance ervice helped, but the indutry uffered a huge blow at the hand of the cable companie, who tepped in to provide complete olution

Patient guide to WWW Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Patient guide to WWW - Assignment Example But in general, if you cant find the information duplicated in more than 2 or 3 references, then it is questionable at best. As a caregiver, your job is to find the most accurate and useful websites pertaining to the condition of your patient. In order to use the internet search engines effectively, you need to know how to assess the websites you are reading. We hope that the guidelines above can help you remain healthy and strong over the coming years. My sister was diagnosed with uncontrolled Gastro Esophageal Reflux Disease (GERD). The Gastroenterologist prescribed proton pump inhibitors (Nexium) in order to control pain and dissipate stomach acid .The doctor also advised a lifestyle and diet change for the patient.We asked the doctor for more information about her illness and the lifestyle and diet changes that it will entail. The doctor advised that we check out the Mayo Clinic website located at : http://www.mayoclinic.com/health/gerd/DS00967/DSECTION=treatments-and-drugs for more information about the drugs, treatments, and lifestyle changes that will be necessary in order to control the illness. The reason that he recommended Mayo Clinic as a web source is because the hospital is one of the most highly respected and trusted research hospitals in the country. Their website looks highly professional and the content is overseen by highly qualified Mayo Clinic staffers. The website itself contains further information about GERD including lifestyle and home remedies plus an alternative medicine guide for patients who prefer a holistic type of treatment. Even though the website contains some advertising in it, there is an advertising disclaimer / policy located within the page that explains why Mayo Clinic has decided to accept advertising for its website. None of the ads are related to GERD and therefore does not seem like the Mayo Clinic is recommending and specific treatments for the illness. More importantly, the information contained

Gertrudes as Shakespeare Essay Example for Free

Gertrudes as Shakespeare Essay Where a twenty-first century audience would express sympathy for Hamlets loss and would understand his hesitation in taking vengeance, an Elizabethan audience would not sympathise towards him for avenging his fathers death, and would question why Hamlet is showing inaction. As Dori Ripley suggests, The church advocated Gods vengeance, while the state demanded justice through Gods chosen representative(s) (Ripley, 1), meaning it would be Hamlets duty to avenge his fathers death in the eyes of the Elizabethan Church, for Gods cause. Therefore, this would certainly contribute to Hamlets turmoil, with the added pressure to exact Gods vengeance on the wicked (Ripley, 2), and become King of Denmark. However, in the eighteenth century, Thomas Hanmer drew attention to Hamlets delay in avenging his fathers death, suggesting that Had Hamlet gone naturally to work there would have been an end of our play, meaning Shakespeares play would not have been as dramatic for his intended audience of his era. Ernest Jones suggests that Hamlet refrains from killing Claudius earlier in the play because he had already committed the deed Hamlet himself subconsciously wished to carry out; The long repressed desire to take his fathers place in his mothers affection is revealed in unconscious activity by the sight of someone usurping this place exactly as he himself had once longed to do (Jones, 99). This is evident in the play when Hamlet has the opportunity to kill Claudius, however he decides to wait for when he is in thincestuous pleasure of his bed so he is guaranteed to suffer the same pain Hamlets father did when he was in purgatory. Eliminating his competition in the most torturous way suggests Hamlets hatred towards Claudius for marrying his mother. As an extension of this Hamlet is somewhat hostile to his mother throughout the play, shown through the language Shakespeare uses when Hamlet is alone with her. His anger towards his mothers sexuality is expressed, thus: O shame, where is thy blush? Rebellious hell, If thou canst mutine in a matrons bones, To flaming youth let virtue be as wax (3. 4. 82-4) Hamlet demands to know how young people can be expected to control their passions if mothers cannot control theirs. In the same scene, Hamlet pleads with Gertrude not to sleep with Claudius that night and to, Refrain tonight, And that shall lend a kind of easiness To the next abstinence (3. 4. 166-8) After that until she no longer wishes to sleep with Claudius. Whether this is right must be considered in psychoanalytic terms because abstinence stores up emotions that leads to a later emotional explosion. In the context of the play as a whole, this is symbolic because throughout Hamlet stores up his confusion, anxiety and turmoil until he explodes in the final scene, ending in death and destruction of the dynasty. Recent developments in Hamlet criticism suggest Hamlets attitude towards his mother can be explained in terms of Freudian psychoanalysis, in particular the Oedipus Complex where unconscious ideas and feelings centre round the wish to possess the parent of the opposite sex, and eliminate that of the same sex (Rycroft, 118), according to Charles Rycroft in A Critical Dictionary of Psychoanalysis. Although this is a modern theory which did not exist during the Shakespearean period, Shakespeare unconsciously reflects this possible interpretation of character in the play. Hamlet seeking to avenge his father by eliminating Claudius, his mothers husband, could be one of his motivations and subsequent causes of his emotional turmoil. His confusion is, therefore, redirected onto Ophelia who experiences Hamlets anguish. Rycroft also suggests that this is symbolised in Hamlet as persons who are fixated at the oedipal level that are mother-fixated or father-fixated reveal this by choosing sexual partners with obvious resemblances to their parents (Rycroft 119). However, Ophelias qualities are not representative of Gertrudes as Shakespeare suggests Gertrude tends to sexually dominate men in the play whereas Ophelia is obedient to them, suggesting she is vulnerable. Therefore, whether Rycrofts analysis is related to the play must be considered because it does not directly link to Hamlets situation, choosing to have a relationship with Ophelia because she resembles his mother he has sexual desires for. In Gertrude marrying Claudius, Hamlets jealousy is provoked, which eventually contributes to his rage when alone with his mother, You are queen, your husbands brothers wife. Here, Shakespeare shows Hamlets confusion within his complex situation, that his mother has become queen by incestuously marrying her husbands brother. Combined with Hamlets oedipal fantasy and his mothers new marriage, therefore, he is bound to show rage and confusion towards his mother and hostility towards her new partner. In conclusion, Hamlet is a character whose mind is in turmoil, which is subliminally presented through Shakespeares use of soliloquies. This turmoil could exist due to Hamlets life experiences, whether they were his fathers death or his mothers hasty marriage to his uncle, who murdered his father. These occurrences may have caused Hamlets confusion between mothers and lovers, his contemplation of suicide and his hostility towards others, resulting in catastrophe at the end of the play. An Elizabethan audience would not sympathise with Hamlets hostility towards other and his delay in taking vengeance and so could argue that his mind is in turmoil, the reason why he is inactive.

Hajj :: essays research papers

The Hajj: Pilgrimage Mecca is also known as Makkah and its full name is Makkah al-Mukkaramah. Mecca is a city in the Hijaz region of western Saudi Arabia. It is known as the holiest site in the Islamic religion. The history of Mecca goes back as early as the fifth century. It was an independent and powerful city in pre-Islamic times. It is the religious center for Islamic people and it houses the Kaaba and the Great Mosque. It is also the birthplace of Muhammad, the first capital of caliphate, and the center of present day mosques. In 630 Muhammad and some of his followers went into the city of Mecca and captured it. Mecca is said to have started one of the most important religions in the world and it brings together the Islamic religion. When people think about Mecca one of the first things that might come to their heads is the pilgrimage or the black stone. Muhammad is one of the reasons that Mecca is what it is today. Muhhamad was a prophet born 570 in Mecca. He was orphaned as a child and sent to ended up living with his uncle. Muhhamad would get away from everything by going to the desert to meditate. One night while alone at Mt. Hira he was visited by an angel named Gabriel. After this Muhhamad began to accept Allah and started to believe. Some of the things Muhhamad believed was Jihad, holy struggle. He also began to believe you live for Allah. He believed all those who did would be rewarded and the rest punished. Not everyone believed the way Muhammad did. People at first thought that his teachings were a threat to the religious and material order. He was accused of making up what the Angel Gabriel had told him. He got followers from the poor and people who thought they were being unequally treated. Muhha mad took these people and then left and went to Medina to find more followers. He then returned to Mecca later and took over the city and converted everyone to Islam. In the Islamic faith there are five pillars that they must follow to their best ability. The Salaht, the Hajj, they must give to the poor, fasting during the month of Ramadan, and repetition of the creed, "There is no God but Allah; Muhammad is the messenger of Allah." These pillars are more like obligations in the Islamic religion.

Group Communication Memo Essay

The current management team has prepared this memo to assist you in your new position with the company. We understand that you have limited experience in group formation and communication, and these skills will prove vital in your new position. We would like to share some fundamental information on group learning and communication along with experiences we have encountered collectively. Combine this information with your own group learning experiences and you will increase your success with the organization. In our organization we work with others in teams to complete tasks and solve issues that might arise. On occasion it will be necessary to ask people to be part of the group or to form a new group to address topics and issues. This will help you in understanding how teams come together and work as one unit. When people are asked to form a group, the first stage they experience is the forming stage. In this stage people come together and expectations and the purpose of the group is clouded in uncertainty. No one is really considered the leader of the group at this point. Behavior is greatly observed between team members to determine what is acceptable. This stage will be relatively short because soon the group will begin to function and devise ideas and suggestion for attacking the problem or task. Storming is the next stage the team will experience. This stage does cause some conflict within the team because there is no real chosen leader. In this stage the members of the team will accept the group and start to function within the team. However, the members of the team will show some resistance because groups or teams limit individuality and require unity to work efficiently. Within a short period of time there will be a leadership established with in the group and the members of the team will follow the chosen spokesperson. The third subsequent step in the group development process is the norming stage when the group begins to solidify. At this point the group will have established some acceptable standards of behaviors or â€Å"norms†. Once the group has established these norms, certain barriers can be eliminated. Groups can now focus more on collectively carrying out goals and less on establishing parameters for the group. These norms will now establish expectations of group behavior. At this point in the process, group structure has been established and accepted, and the group may begin focusing on performing which is the fourth step in group development. This is the point of action where organizational goals are carried out and performance is evaluated. From personal group experience we agree that during this stage it is imperative that groups have the tools necessary to complete their tasks. If teams are not distracted by trivial conflicts that can be easily remedied, then they will be able to maintain creativity and focus. The fifth and final step in group development is the adjourning stage. Depending on the purpose of the group and time span of the group, this stage will vary. Some groups form for the purpose of completing short-term tasks, while others carry out long-term initiatives. Regardless of the time frame, groups should be commended on their areas of success and constructively identify areas that need improvement. It is our experience that different individuals can be grouped together on several different tasks. If the adjourning stage is handled properly, these individuals will carry a good attitude and level of camaraderie into their next group project. (Daynette’s part discussing barriers of communication insert here) As you can see there are many barriers that face group communication, however, there are always ways to overcome those barriers. One barrier that is easy to overcome is premature evaluation of ideas. We believe the best way of overcoming this is by using the nominal-group technique. This technique does not utilize verbal idea sharing but rather every group member brainstorms and writes down their ideas, then goes around and shares them. By proceeding this way it stops anyone from ridiculing an idea and lets everyone’s ideas be heard so no one feels like they had a dumb idea and stops sharing with the group. You want to create a climate of freedom, by having more ideas in the open, the better chance you have of getting the best conclusion. Another barrier previously mentioned was poor physical surrounding. The best way to overcome this is to find a meeting location that works well for everyone. Make sure it is quiet like in a library, not in an apartment with noisy roommates or younger brothers and sisters. Make sure there are lots of lights, comfy chairs, and plenty of table space to work on the project. If you are uncomfortable you will be thinking about that the whole time instead of focusing on the group problem at hand. A third barrier to group communication was there being too many people. By having too many people, this makes the group less creative by not having every group member able to share their ideas. This can also cause social loafing where some members sit back and let everyone else do the work while they still get the credit. A good way to overcome this is by splitting the larger group into smaller groups and by either giving them the same topic to see all the different ways each group comes up with or splitting the topics if there is a lot to get done. This works well because you can draw in group members who are less talkative or shy in large group settings, thus creating more ideas. Another barrier is always not having enough time. No matter how far ahead you plan on any project there never seems like there is enough time to complete it. It is known that it takes a group a lot longer to work on a project than it does an individual because you have to comply with the group norms and rules. Here the only real thing you can do is to make sure you get down to business and split up the group work as soon as possible so that each member can get started. Also, make sure to finish everything a few days ahead so that way if someone is running behind you all have time to go back and fix any issues or to make sure it is all complete on time. Lastly, â€Å"stinking thinking† should try to be avoided when evaluating ideas. Try not to jump on other people’s ideas when they come up with them and wait till they are all heard. Use positive enforcement like â€Å"great idea but let’s here all of the other ideas first then we can go back and look at each one.† With every barrier that comes up there is always a better way to overcome it so that it doesn’t offend another group member. Remember teams only work well if all participants are on the same page. We have provided you with these tools and experiences for you to draw from when needed. When starting a new team or group it may be beneficial for all team members to review this memo prior to starting a new project. This will allow the team to start to understand why conflicts may arise and where to start in resolving these conflicts. We have great confidence in your ability to be a great leader and look forward to the success that your team will provide for our company in the future.

Finance Is The Management Of Money - 916 Words

I am currently a senior at Missouri State University and my major in Finance. Finance is the management of money. People ask all of the time â€Å"What is the difference between finance and accounting?† I answer this as; finance is all about making decisions about what to do with money and investments, while accounting is deciding how to record what has already happened. To complete my major I do not only take finance classes; I take marketing, management, computer science, statistics, law classes and more. It is a very well rounded program that has taught me not only how to manage and analyze the financial aspects of individuals, companies, banks, and other lending institutions, but also how to take care of my own finances. The three Harvard Review Business articles all addressed the revolutionary change in information and how it can be used. The first article describes it as â€Å"big data† and calls it a management revolution that helps make better predictions and smarter decisions. 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